Transcript
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Due to the difficulties capturing a live speaker's words, it is possible this transcript may contain errors and mistranslations. APNIC accepts no liability for any event or action resulting from the transcripts.
APNIC 31
NIR SIG
11:00 - 12:30
Tuesday, 22 February 2011
S223
Izumi Okutani: Just to introduce myself, I'm Izumi Okutani, the chair of this session. I'm from JPNIC. We have co-chairs, Wendy Zhao from CNNIC and Ji-Young from KISA/KRNIC.
We have our three topics of presentations today. The first presentation will be from CNNIC. Liming will be introducing about IP addressing research. The second presentation will be from TWNIC. Sheng Wei will be presenting about the IPv6 Taiwan Directory. The third will be from Ji-Young, KISA/KRNIC, introducing the next-generation Internet access and transition plan in Korea.
So that will be the planned presentation today. If you have any other topics you would like to discuss, please feel free to let us know.
The first topic will be the IP addressing research presentation from Liming.
Liming Wang (CNNIC): Thank you, chair. I'm Liming Wang from CNNIC. The topic of my presentation is IP addressing research. First, I will start with a brief outline of CNNIC and our IP addressing work. The second part focuses on IP addressing research activities at CNNIC and then future work.
We are doing Internet research. CNNIC also has labs doing IP addressing research and development work. Our IP addressing research work mainly focus on the IP address, mainly focus on how to manage IP address effectively and securely, from IP application to IP usage.
The second is IP address issue. We developed the prototype. The main responsibility of our prototype includes, first, automatic IP address allocation and IP address query. CNNIC automatic address allocation means ... Internet. This work with IP address system, which can use IP more frequently and complete growth of each address into IP address.
The second is the IP address research is very organized ... so this also consider the IP address problem in our prototype.
I mention about our system support recursive IP address information query. We also look at the IP address renumbering and domain type, so our system also support the IP history query using static IP and proposal to do that. The second is about IP security association configuration. As we know that IPsec is widely used to build secure channels between the local host and the root server. However, in a global environment the secure channel can be rebuilt.
Our IP address what we use feedback the parameters for the IPsec. This will avoid a delay.
This figure is our operation process. We introduce requestor, DHCP client; DHCP; another is target server.
The last resource activity is source IP address accountability. Motivations in future address, although we have some success, we are still suffering from all kinds of attacks and IP address abusive activities is very severe; for example, spam and IP spoofing.
Another reason is that IPv6 is a big challenge for the IP management work, because it's huge and there is a wide variety of things that will connect to the Internet, which may cause many problems.
Our work, we propose an accountable type of IPv6 address, which is easy for roaming devices to access the network managed by different ISPs. The other, we are also supporting different security demands for different services.
This slide is the proposed IPv6 address format. We use the 64 space as the prefix. Allocation of entire from network ... so you can see one, many people show that connect with the Internet. For example, we can use to show that it's a computer or whatever you want to.
This is the framework of our source IP address accountability and this shows the IP allocation process and also shows how we can verify when we use the identifier.
The last is our future work. We continue with our current project and our project is ongoing. The next is to put our research results into practice and build a test bed for the Internet of things. Finally, we want to expand our cooperation with ISPs, device providers, academic institutions and other Internet organizations.
That's all.
Ji-Young Lee (KISA/KRNIC): Thank you for that presentation on IP addressing issues. Any other comments or questions?
George Michaelson (APNIC): I assume that you will be bringing drafts to the appropriate working groups in IETF for the address architecture, since there are obviously implications for reuse of structured numbering to the right of /64.
When you say that you are compatible with the EUI164, I worry that overloading the FFFE pattern may need people to believe that what they are looking at is E1164. So you may potentially have a conflict in the interpretation of the meaning of the unique identifier.
It's very interesting research, very interesting, but I would encourage you to bring a draft to the IETF for discussion.
Izumi Okutani: The next presentation is from TWNIC, Sheng Wei.
Sheng Wei Kuo (TWNIC): I am Sheng Wei Kuo from TWNIC. Today I will introduce the Taiwan IPv6 Directory. This is my proposed outline. First, I will go through the background, then the IPv4 address exhaustion website. This website has information and suggestion about IPv4 address exhaustion and transition from IPv4 to IPv6. I will introduce the Taiwan IPv6 Directory.
This directory has IPv6 Products Directory and IPv6 Websites Directory. Finally, I will mention conclusions and future work. The IANA IPv4 address exhaustion happened on 3 February. IPv6 adoption at critical phase. In this phase, it is important to understand how to face IPv4 address exhaustion happened and adopt IPv6 for Internet stakeholders.
But now the information is not enough about how to face IPv4 address exhaustion, how many IPv6 products can I choose to deploy and how many IPv6 websites can I access?
So we view the IPv4 address exhaustion website. can let everyone know how to face IPv4 address exhaustion and let everyone know how to transition from IPv4 to IPv6 and prepare for it.
In addition, we built the Taiwan IPv6 Directory. This directory provides IPv6 products on the website directory in Chinese. It's easy to know and choose IPv6 products when everyone wishes to deploy IPv6 network.
When end users have IPv6 connectivity, they wish to connect IPv6 websites. So collect Taiwan IPv6 websites and provide the interface to let everyone reach this website.
Now I will introduce the IPv4 address exhaustion website. This website contains important IPv4 address exhaustion information and suggestions for the Internet stakeholders such as ISPs, ICPs, government, enterprises, equipment vendors and end users.
This website also provides information on IPv4 address policy after IPv4 address exhaustion and IPv4 address statistics.
In addition, this website provide IPv6 development and transition guidelines, such as IPv6 product requirement suggestion for government, enterprises and ISPs. The development and transition guidelines of IPv6 server and application for enterprises and ICPs.
For end user, IPv4 address exhaustion, IPv6 promotion and providing FAQs for end users. We use an animated cartoon to introduce IPv4 address exhaustion and impact. What is IPv6? How to set up IPv6? You can find information at this URL.
Now to introduce the second part, IPv6 Products Directory. First, I will introduce the IPv6 Products Directory. As IPv4 addresses are running out, it is time that we take action on the deployment and transition to IPv6. The first step is how to know and choose IPv6 products.
We can find many products supporting IPv6 function in IPv6 ready logo website. But many products are only in special or test version.
So we established the Taiwan IPv6 Products Directory to let everyone know that the product supports function and find it easily.
This slide is the IPv6 Products Directory. It is in the trial and testing phase. Now 120 products have registered on this website. You can find this URL.
The IPv6 Products Directory. You can find IPv6 products using vendor name, ready logo type and product type in the category of host, router, switch, wireless LAN, server, broadband, CPE and so on.
We wish to provide easy to know product specification. So we provide function when everyone is on the net, it will show the product and the product specifications.
Now I will introduce the IPv6 Websites Directory.
When the end user had IPv6 connectivity, they wish to connect IPv6 websites. Many persons don't know where they can find IPv6 enabled websites in Taiwan. So we do the IPv6 Websites Directory through this IPv6 network website in Taiwan.
A general user may register their IPv6 enabled websites to IPv6 through this directory.
This diagram shows the model of IPv6 Websites Directory. There are three system functions, including statistics, registry and query. To prove everyone has an IPv6 website, the system will check the conditions, such as this website has a Taiwan domain name, such as .tw, .com.tw, .org.tw and DNS, a Taiwan IPv6 address, IPv6 DNS and IPv6 connectivity.
All Taiwan ISPs provide IPv6 address and this website must hold IPv6 DNS and this website have IPv6 connectivity. In this directory, we classify by type, including individual, company, organization, education and government.
This slide shows the IPv6 Websites Directory architecture. We connect the IPv4 website from .tw, .com.tw, .org.tw and Taiwan DNS and school website, government website and general user update.
This slide shows the IPv6 Websites Directory demo. Now there are 1,085 IPv6 enabled websites registered in the database and the IPv6 enabled websites still grow every month.
Now I will make my conclusion and introduce future work. In conclusion, facing IPv4 address exhaustion, the information of IPv6 websites and products will assist everyone to transition and to use IPv6.
In the future work, we will plan to hold Taiwan IPv6 Day in June. It will be to motivate ISPs and ICPs to prepare their services for IPv6 and end users can test their IPv6 connectivity.
Also, TWNIC will coordinate government, ISPs, ICPs to do strategy study about IPv6 transition and deployment, and will output IPv6 transition and deployment strategy this year.
Thank you. Are there any questions?
George Michaelson (APNIC): Your products list website is very, very significant and important. All of our supply chain for customer equipment -- not all, but a lot of our supply chain for customer equipment passes through companies headquartered in your economy. So this is a very important resource that will have quite wide coverage internationally. It's great.
Thank you very much, because we have been wanting to find out which suppliers are producing customer based equipment with that capability. Great information. Thank you.
Sheng Wei Kuo (TWNIC): Thank you. Because we do the IPv6 products and we do the IPv6 Products Directory, we find many companies provide IPv6 products ... such as we need to support IPv6 ... we need to get these special IPv6 products for everyone everywhere can find these products.
Wei Zhao: Any further questions from the floor?
Sheng Wei, I think this kind of website in November is the website, also the application is really very helpful for people getting to know where they can go.
Actually, I might have a further question about the product directory. Is it the product you have searched on the website, search their information or the company goes to you and represent their information or you have a different system or procedure to filter all this information and products?
Sheng Wei Kuo (TWNIC): The IPv6 product website only provide Taiwan vendor. So we can connect this kind of vendor.
Ji-Young Lee (KISA/KRNIC): How often do you update your directory and how do you manage your database?
Sheng Wei Kuo (TWNIC): IPv6 product?
Ji-Young Lee (KISA/KRNIC): Yes, the product directory and the website directory.
Sheng Wei Kuo (TWNIC): The IPv6 Products Directory and the IPv6 website directory is open. So anyone can use IPv6 website for this directory.
If this website has all Taiwan ISP website IPv6 address and the IPv6 DNSSEC website, IPv6 ...
Izumi Okutani: Do you ask the members of your service or the list of service for IPv6 products and the directory, this is really useful or? Are there any comments from your members on your services? Do you know how this is helping members?
Sheng Wei Kuo (TWNIC): Because the IPv6 product is now Pv6 Websites Directory. Many persons go to the IPv6 website every month.
Wei Zhao: Thank you, Sheng Wei.
Last but not least, we will have Ji-Young from KISA to do a presentation about next-generation internet IPv6 transition plan.
Ji-Young Lee (KISA/KRNIC): My name is Ji-Young Lee from KRNIC. Today I would like to introduce our national IPv6 transition plan from Korea.
We call this next-generation internet address IPv6 transition plan.
There was an explosive demand for IP addresses in Korea. So IPv4 address allocation in Korea, in the first half of 2010 was 11 million. It was double the same period in 2009.
During the first half of 2009, we allocated 5.5 million IPv4 addresses.
The current status in Korea is ISPs backbone network, the level of upgrade to IPv6 equipment is quite high. It's 70.7 per cent. But for ISP subscriber network, they only have 27.7 per cent IPv6 readiness.
For the public sector, purchase specifications of IPv6 supporting equipment are reflected in the current government guideline. So the transition rate to IPv6 is around 47 per cent in the public sector.
For network vendors, dual stack equipment using IPv6 are supplied for backbone networks.
The small subscriber network devices such as medium sized switches and modems are of Korea development. Others is online shopping malls and user organization.
The Korean Government published IPv6 transition plan. It was established on September 15, 2010. It was declared by the Korean Government, the Korea Communications Commission. It aims to deal with the IPv4 exhaustion issue and to build the infrastructure for the next-generation Internet.
Its goal is to have ISPs and Korean network vendors fully ready for IPv6 by 2013. So it has groundwork development for IPv6 commercial service support and the second work is increase of awareness of IPv6 transition and support of groups in need and the third one is enhancement and inspection of IPv6 systems.
The first task is ground work development for the support of commercial IPv6 services. So in 2010, we had several IPv6 service projects. The first one was IPv6 based commercial web service.
So web service provider such as IP web hostings is supporting to development IPv6 services and network.
The second one was IPv6 based IPTV services. So the cloud IPTV network was developed utilizing the next-generation Internet address system in order to provide various content such as N-screen, web and game services to encourage transition to IPv6.
The third one was IPv6 based 3G mobile services. So IPv6 was introduced to the national 3G mobile telecommunication network to develop application and handset technologies.
The second task is prioritisation of IP address allocation after IPv4 exhaustion. So we plan to have a phased approach to IPv6 transition, with consideration to the importance of internet services and operating environments.
We plan to have three types. The first one is pursuing IPv4 network. Those are for services with low ROI for IPv6 transition, for very important systems which have severe risk existing during transition and the second type is having both IPv4 and v6 network. Those are for services using public IP addresses or services with a high number of terminals.
The third type is having IPv6 network. Those are for services with a high number of terminals and for those fourth generation telecommunications, including LTEs.
We plan to establish the future management policy plan for the allocation of remaining IPv4 addresses. So the IPv4 address management policy of IANA and APNIC will be adopted, so as to implement efficient reallocation of IPv4 addresses and introduction of management policies.
In 2010, we announced the IPv4 exhaustion point -- we call it Flag Month -- to raise awareness. It will be difficult to allocate IPv4 addresses after the exhaustion time announced by IANA.
South Korea will also announce the Flag Month in first half of 2011 and it will be around June at the latest.
For each service area, scenarios for handling IPv6 service users in IPv4 environments is prepared in order to provide guidelines of action. Generally, we publish the guidelines, very similar to the Taiwanese one, so we help many stakeholders to change their network to IPv6.
We would like to strengthen our support system. So in Korea, we currently run IPv6 Transition Centre, which focuses on providing support for IPv6 transition training. It is expanded to the IPv6 Transition Support Centre. So support such as technical consulting and user protection support for resolving IPv6 service related problems will be provided.
A domestic IPv6 foundation will be established and various IPv6 service developments will be guided and promoted by providing IPv6 Internet exchange services and upgrading IPv6 equipment certification systems.
We would like to support the groups in need. An IPv6 transition support plan for small B2B and B2C Internet businesses is prepared. So latest technical information, customised training and consulting will be provided and public-private cooperation projects will be carried out for the development and distribution of low-cost, high-performance IPv6 transition technology.
So the users can easily and quickly adopt it. Since 2008, we have a training program as well, so we would like to develop IPv6 support professionals.
So specialized technical training at the customer level for IPv6 transition is conducted. We plan to train 2,400 people by 2013 and consultations for transition support will be provided.
In 2010, we have three training courses, general program, intermediate course and professional course were conducted.
We expanded the IPv6 Transition Steering Committee. The IPv6 Transition Steering Committee consists of many stakeholders -- governments, research, ISPs and academia ogether to discuss the IPv6 issues.
But in 2010, we expanded this IPv6 Transition Steering Committee. So security companies, equipment manufacturers, portal and ISP cable also, using supply IPv6 throughout our whole Internet. So as to provide IPv6 transition and strengthen public promotion.
In 2010, we produced and distributed IPv6 guidelines for stakeholders and we have many activities for IPv6 pilot projects promotion. This year, we would like to respond to the IPv4 exhaustion, so we will deliver IPv6 transition support services.
Using various media, we would like to promote the IPv4 exhaustion. We would like to support for the expansion of IPv6 based commercial wired/wireless services and the proliferation of IPv6 handsets.
From 2012, we'll enhance the IPv6-based application services and support systems and enhancement of 6NGIX, Korean IPv6 network to support commercial services.
Thank you. Are there any questions?
Maemura Akinori (JPNIC): Any information on how the industry responds to this business plan or recommendation?
Ji-Young Lee (KISA/KRNIC): We announced this plan in September 2010. Right after this announcement, we had a committee meeting. For the committee meeting, we had around 30 members from each stakeholder.
In the meeting, they introduced their IPv6 transition plan for themselves and we made some consensus for until we are ready for IPv6 transition.
So those responsible to make an active response from our members and stakeholders. We plan to have an IPv6 readiness survey every year. We plan to track their transition status and encourage them to transit to IPv6.
Maemura Akinori (JPNIC): I'm very impressed because you said June this year. In that case, we are so concerned whether we should receive any brand or compliance during this as the platform.
I'm curious how you think about that. Certainly from the industry, I would like you to share.
Ji-Young Lee (KISA/KRNIC): From early on, we starting to have guidelines. From the first moment, when is the best time for the Korean IPv4 exhaustion statement? So we had many meeting and there was a sudden issue with the rapid exhaustion, local exhaustion.
Actually we thought that in June, there will be a very black month for Korean situation, but now we are very cautious, because we can get some worries from our members. But we have some meeting with APNIC.
According to them, we feel that until June, Korea can allocate IPv4 addresses o our members -- I mean, phase 3 will be after June.
So we are thinking of having the flag month in first half of 2011, especially around June.
Maemura Akinori (JPNIC): June is this flag day. Preparation in the ISPs ... not specifically indicating the estimated date of IPv4 exhaustion.
Paul Wilson (APNIC): I think the question that Akinori asks is an important one, but I think we should get used to the fact that we can't answer it.
We are not responsible, as registries, to answer the question of when we will run out of addresses. We are allocating addresses in response to the need from the membership.
I don't think any of us should blame ourselves for not being able to predict the answer, nor should we feel the subject of criticism for not having an accurate crystal ball that says when it will run out.
I do want to say that at current rates of allocation, we will run out of addresses earlier than June. I'm honestly not sure about whether your setting a flag date anticipates that. We are consuming around about one /8 per month and there are three left.
That makes it an easy sum, particularly when I think we all know that acceleration is is possible.
So two things, let's face the fact that it could be earlier and let's also face the fact that we're not responsible for and we cannot provide an accurate date.
In some of the interviews I have been doing this week, I have been drawing a comparison between what we are doing now, transitioning from v4 and v6, the comparison between that and the transition from gasoline to electricity in our vehicles.
It's worth thinking about. It's quite a similar transition in terms of a global transition, which is triggered by exhaustion of a resource that we all know is disappearing, but we cannot predict the date.d
If try the find anyone around the world who can tell you when the gasoline supply is going to run out -- we know it's not a meaningful question. It depends on demand and a whole lot of factors.
That one is worth thinking about and I'm just thinking amongst the NIRs, you are all going to be receiving these queries and questions.
I think it's not the right thing to do to pretend that we can predict or to take that responsibility or to even try to answer the question without that very simple response.
Maybe that is a useful analogy to you, that analogy that we are responding to demand that is in the world outside. We're not in charge of that.
Ji-Young Lee (KISA/KRNIC): Flag Month is not to declare the change of our address management policy. It is to raise awareness. So after the announcement of Flag Month, we got many feedback from our members.
It was very efficient, but we already told them, it doesn't mean that our policy changes after six months. It means you should be aware of the situation and be more active in getting preparation for IPv4 run out.
Paul Wilson (APNIC): I appreciate that, but I hope it also doesn't mean that when someone comes to you in June, you're going to have some IPv4 addresses, according to your current normal policy, you'll have a minimum allocation of the last /8 policy
IPv4 allocation to give out current policies. So if that's clear to everyone, then my point made. Thanks.
Izumi Okutani: Thank you, Paul. I think Paul's message is very important, that we share as registries, including all the NIRs, that we can't really exactly predict the date, but instead, the message that we should give out to our community is that it could run out at any time and that they should be prepared, you know, for the exhaustion that could be coming within the next few months.
So a related topic, since we have a little bit more time, a little bit less than 10 minutes and we recently had the exhaustion of the IANA pool.
So if there is anything that any NIR would like to share about the result of outreach activities or anything that they would like to, you know, share in advance to prepare for the runout or exhaustion of APNIC's pool, then please stand up and share your opinion.
Wei Zhao: As CNNIC has recognition which it doesn't get, DTL's information regarding IPv4 exhaustion, I would like to provide a little bit more information on that.
Just before the Chinese New Year, we got the information from APNIC -- actually, a couple of days before it was announced. APNIC got the last two /8, which is the final policy that IANA allocate the last /8.
We did announce the information to the media, to the community, on 1 November, which is the same day as it was announced, but we make sure that it is after everyone announce their information, because that day in Chinese community because it's the Spring Festival.
But surprising, we do have some response from that. I got phone calls and I get a question about IPv4 exhaustion and I also got an interview during my family dinner, which I did appreciate. That's the reaction from the media, which I think some people take these things seriously.
All the information about the guideline in China, someone selected every year. So we just announce the latest one, which is 27. It is available online, the Chinese version, and the English version will be coming out soon.
The latest data is China has reached over 400 million Internet users and we have roughly below 300 IPv4 addresses. I got a question last night saying what will China do after IPv4 exhaustion, still ignoring the issue, but luckily we all realize that it is really very little time. We have to do something.
So seeing how a couple of training last year, late fourth quarter. What we are trying to do is not have any general language. We are trying to focus on different group.
IPv4, everybody have their own reasons, you know, for not moving forward. I think, you know, we ask, you know, how we are going to do the uncommon, but it's not reasonable, so what we try to do is ... don't need to cut the operators or we can pair up.
So what we are trying to do is much less than operators, so you can go ahead and in the outside world this is ready. So if you got your content ready and then you might grab the extra market share. So we have a couple of training to try to do this target, which I don't really know is reaching the point, because I didn't really see any extra on that, but luckily we have here ... really interest about doing something.
For the further plan of CNNIC, I think apparently at this stage, what we can do is we help the ISPs to know which way they can go and give the most help to them.
So this will be more focused on specific training, we will help them ... only probably to the company, because at the beginning, general training, say, anyone interested about this v6 and come to learn something.
But now you have to learn it, otherwise you will fail. So that's what we are planning to do. That's a little bit of information update, besides the slides.
Izumi Okutani: Thank you for that information. I think it's quite an important role of a registry, not just simply to distribute the address space, but also to educate the community. It's interesting that we share what kind of activities that we do within our NIRs, in addition to simply do address allocations.
Just to share the situation in Japan, we have a lot of media feedback as a result of the IANA v4 exhaustion.
It got broadcast in the national Japanese media and lots of public newspapers, not just focusing on the business, but then any public newspaper that anybody, like your family members, would read. So I think it has really helped out in promoting the fact that IPv4 is running out and getting much more attention from the public as a result. So I think it was quite a successful campaign.
As Wendy has mentioned, this time it happened during Chinese New Year. I don't know how it affected people's attention in China or in Taiwan, but I think the timing is quite important, it matches the holidays and actually just a very specific concern within Japan maybe, but we have what's called Golden Week in Japan and we have a one-week holiday. It's like maybe similar to Thanksgiving in the US.
So I know that it's very difficult to control the timing of the runout, but if there is a way to be able to, you know, adjust a little bit, to avoid that timing, then it would affect in keeping the community within Japan informed.
I know it's difficult to control 100 per cent, but then if it's possible for APNIC to have that somewhere in mind, you know, when making the promotion, that will be really helpful in making changes in basic awareness in Japan.
So I just share that piece of information.
Maemura Akinori (JPNIC): One thing is we had a big press conference in Miami. That press conference was translated into Japanese and provided, so that we can use it, so that that means we have it in English and we give such a message. That was really successful, because it was made in 24 hours after there was -- Yoshiro did a presentation ... the idea came up just 24 hours ago and ... so that's all.
The second point is, as Izumi mentioned, the timing of the exhaustion is really hard to control but, on the other hand, for the Miami event, I can share some of the coordination under the Miami event. There have been a bunch of discussion and coordination that timing or something like that, all along the NIRs including IANA IPv4 for the press conference, so there was a lot of communication work done. So it's really, really hard and even limited to the coordination amongst the RIR.
So the coincidence with Chinese New Year is regrettable, but it's really hard to improve and for the coordination so in that case, will be double or triple.
But, however, it is not a sufficient reason, not to coordinate with NIR, but I do agree that the NIRs are well informed and coordinated with APNIC. So I do suggest that NIRs and also the APNIC Secretariat to coordinate pretty much well, but how to communicate to our community, for the IPv4 exhaustion, it is much more severe and important timing for us.
Izumi Okutani: So you're saying that it should be less people to coordinate and its affects reach much more, so that we coordinate closely or to prepare with APNIC. Thank you.
Paul Wilson (APNIC):
Sorry, I need to leave, but I did actually want to say a couple of words about what Akinori covered. The event that we had in Miami and the lead-up to that event was a very important one. It's one where APNIC staff tried to coordinate as closely as we could with the RIRs and the NIRs. We know that it could have gone better and it would have been nice if the timing had been a little different, but I would like to say thanks very much to the NIRs and to everyone who we worked with, in your flexibility and your understanding.I point out again that the end of phase 2 or stage 2 is going to be another one of these quite critical timing events and we will be keeping in touch with the NIRs and working with you as closely as possible as well through that stage, that transition.
We do still need to work out how are we going to do some equivalent of the ceremonial event that happened in Miami, indeed we do, and any ideas or suggestions about that would be very welcome, but it will be a significant event.
I would like to commend JPNIC for the efforts that you made in Japan to help us celebrate that event on 3 February. Thanks to Akinori for pointing out that it was Chinese New Year on that very day. The efforts that you have gone to were also well known in Miami and amongst that community, because we had something like 2,600 people on the English language webcast, but it was also known and we helped it to be known, that you had more than 1,000 in Japan as well.
That was a really fantastic effort. So the level of energy and commitment of JPNIC was really well known and well recognized. Congratulations.
Izumi Okutani: I think this is the role that NIRs can play, that we can promote locally ... I believe we can do collaboration between APNIC and NIRs.
It has gone longer than planned, but thank you for participating and for the remote participants who have been listening. So this will be the end of session. Thank you.